Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

Good sources: meats, liver, nuts, whole and enriched grains. Some niacin can be synthesized from tryptophan (inefficient). DRI: 12-16 mg/d Functions: Co-enzyme formation (NAD+ and NADP), fatty acid metabolism, and decrease serum cholesterol. It is the most potent agent to increase serum HDL at doses 100 times the RDA (but many people can’t tolerate the [...]

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Riboflavin is needed for the formation of flavin mononucleotide (FMN, seen in Complex I of the ETS) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD, from Step 6 of the Krebs). Below is a diagram that shows their structures. Riboflavin is light-sensitive! That’s why you won’t see milk in a clear bottle or container. Good sources: Milk, eggs, [...]

Thiamine (B1) Functions

The active form of thiamine is thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) which is essential for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and Step 4 of the Kreb’s cycle. It is also essential for the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (one of the glycolysis intermediates) to ribose-3-phosphate. Good sources: Sunflower seeds, liver, pork, whole and enriched grains, and dried [...]

Vitamin A

Vitamin A overview with information on biochemistry, composition, sources, functions, and toxicity.

Introduction to Vitamins

This post is a general introduction to vitamins with basic vitamin class information and definitions.